using System;

namespace MicroLibrary
{
    /// <summary>
    /// MicroStopwatch class
    /// </summary>
    public class MicroStopwatch : System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch
    {
        readonly double _microSecPerTick =
            1000000D / System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.Frequency;

        public MicroStopwatch()
        {
            if (!System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.IsHighResolution)
            {
                throw new Exception("On this system the high-resolution " +
                                    "performance counter is not available");
            }
        }

        public long ElapsedMicroseconds
        {
            get
            {
                return (long)(ElapsedTicks * _microSecPerTick);
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// MicroTimer class
    /// </summary>
    public class MicroTimer
    {
        public delegate void MicroTimerElapsedEventHandler(
                             object sender,
                             MicroTimerEventArgs timerEventArgs);
        public event MicroTimerElapsedEventHandler MicroTimerElapsed;

        System.Threading.Thread _threadTimer = null;
        long _ignoreEventIfLateBy = long.MaxValue;
        long _timerIntervalInMicroSec = 0;
        bool _stopTimer = true;

        public MicroTimer()
        {
        }

        public MicroTimer(long timerIntervalInMicroseconds)
        {
            Interval = timerIntervalInMicroseconds;
        }

        public long Interval
        {
            get
            {
                return System.Threading.Interlocked.Read(
                    ref _timerIntervalInMicroSec);
            }
            set
            {
                System.Threading.Interlocked.Exchange(
                    ref _timerIntervalInMicroSec, value);
            }
        }

        public long IgnoreEventIfLateBy
        {
            get
            {
                return System.Threading.Interlocked.Read(
                    ref _ignoreEventIfLateBy);
            }
            set
            {
                System.Threading.Interlocked.Exchange(
                    ref _ignoreEventIfLateBy, value <= 0 ? long.MaxValue : value);
            }
        }

        public bool Enabled
        {
            set
            {
                if (value)
                {
                    Start();
                }
                else
                {
                    Stop();
                }
            }
            get
            {
                return (_threadTimer != null && _threadTimer.IsAlive);
            }
        }

        public void Start()
        {
            if (Enabled || Interval <= 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            _stopTimer = false;

            System.Threading.ThreadStart threadStart = delegate()
            {
                NotificationTimer(ref _timerIntervalInMicroSec,
                                  ref _ignoreEventIfLateBy,
                                  ref _stopTimer);
            };

            _threadTimer = new System.Threading.Thread(threadStart);
            _threadTimer.Priority = System.Threading.ThreadPriority.Highest;
            _threadTimer.Start();
        }

        public void Stop()
        {
            _stopTimer = true;
        }

        public void StopAndWait()
        {
            StopAndWait(System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite);
        }

        public bool StopAndWait(int timeoutInMilliSec)
        {
            _stopTimer = true;

            if (!Enabled || _threadTimer.ManagedThreadId ==
                System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)
            {
                return true;
            }

            return _threadTimer.Join(timeoutInMilliSec);
        }

        public void Abort()
        {
            _stopTimer = true;

            if (Enabled)
            {
                _threadTimer.Abort();
            }
        }

        void NotificationTimer(ref long timerIntervalInMicroSec,
                               ref long ignoreEventIfLateBy,
                               ref bool stopTimer)
        {
            int  timerCount = 0;
            long nextNotification = 0;

            MicroStopwatch microStopwatch = new MicroStopwatch();
            microStopwatch.Start();

            while (!stopTimer)
            {
                long callbackFunctionExecutionTime =
                    microStopwatch.ElapsedMicroseconds - nextNotification;

                long timerIntervalInMicroSecCurrent =
                    System.Threading.Interlocked.Read(ref timerIntervalInMicroSec);
                long ignoreEventIfLateByCurrent =
                    System.Threading.Interlocked.Read(ref ignoreEventIfLateBy);

                nextNotification += timerIntervalInMicroSecCurrent;
                timerCount++;
                long elapsedMicroseconds = 0;

                while ( (elapsedMicroseconds = microStopwatch.ElapsedMicroseconds)
                        < nextNotification)
                {
                    System.Threading.Thread.SpinWait(10);
                }

                long timerLateBy = elapsedMicroseconds - nextNotification;

                if (timerLateBy >= ignoreEventIfLateByCurrent)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                MicroTimerEventArgs microTimerEventArgs =
                     new MicroTimerEventArgs(timerCount,
                                             elapsedMicroseconds,
                                             timerLateBy,
                                             callbackFunctionExecutionTime);
                MicroTimerElapsed(this, microTimerEventArgs);
            }

            microStopwatch.Stop();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// MicroTimer Event Argument class
    /// </summary>
    public class MicroTimerEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
        // Simple counter, number times timed event (callback function) executed
        public int  TimerCount { get; private set; }

        // Time when timed event was called since timer started
        public long ElapsedMicroseconds { get; private set; }

        // How late the timer was compared to when it should have been called
        public long TimerLateBy { get; private set; }

        // Time it took to execute previous call to callback function (OnTimedEvent)
        public long CallbackFunctionExecutionTime { get; private set; }

        public MicroTimerEventArgs(int  timerCount,
                                   long elapsedMicroseconds,
                                   long timerLateBy,
                                   long callbackFunctionExecutionTime)
        {
            TimerCount = timerCount;
            ElapsedMicroseconds = elapsedMicroseconds;
            TimerLateBy = timerLateBy;
            CallbackFunctionExecutionTime = callbackFunctionExecutionTime;
        }

    }
}

using System;

namespace MicroTimerConsoleDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Program program = new Program();
            program.MicroTimerTest();
        }

        private void MicroTimerTest()
        {
            // Instantiate new MicroTimer and add event handler
            MicroLibrary.MicroTimer microTimer = new MicroLibrary.MicroTimer();
            microTimer.MicroTimerElapsed +=
                new MicroLibrary.MicroTimer.MicroTimerElapsedEventHandler(OnTimedEvent);

            microTimer.Interval = 1000; // Call micro timer every 1000µs (1ms)

            // Can choose to ignore event if late by Xµs (by default will try to catch up)
            // microTimer.IgnoreEventIfLateBy = 500; // 500µs (0.5ms)

            microTimer.Enabled = true; // Start timer

            // Do something whilst events happening, for demo sleep 2000ms (2sec)
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);

            microTimer.Enabled = false; // Stop timer (executes asynchronously)

            // Alternatively can choose stop here until current timer event has finished
            // microTimer.StopAndWait(); // Stop timer (waits for timer thread to terminate)

            // Wait for user input
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        private void OnTimedEvent(object sender,
                                  MicroLibrary.MicroTimerEventArgs timerEventArgs)
        {
            // Do something small that takes significantly less time than Interval
            Console.WriteLine(string.Format(
                "Count = {0:#,0}  Timer = {1:#,0} µs, " + 
                "LateBy = {2:#,0} µs, ExecutionTime = {3:#,0} µs",
                timerEventArgs.TimerCount, timerEventArgs.ElapsedMicroseconds,
                timerEventArgs.TimerLateBy, timerEventArgs.CallbackFunctionExecutionTime));
        }
    }
}